The cultural, institutional and individual set of practices and beliefs that assign different (lower) value to people who have developmental, emotional, physical, sensory or health-related disabilities, thereby resulting in negative treatment.

The descendants of the original inhabitants of North America. Term used to collectively describe three cultural groups of aboriginal people - "Inuit", "Métis People" and "First Nations".  These are three separate peoples with unique heritages, languages, cultural practices, and spiritual beliefs, histories and political goals. (AFN)

Affirmation and recognition of those whose race, religion, nationality, values, beliefs, etc. are different from one's own.

The process whereby the culture, values and patterns of the majority are adopted by a person or an ethnic, social, religious, language or national group.  This process can sometimes also involve absorbing aspects of minority cultures into the majority culture's pattern.

The numerical impact of employment practices that disproportionately exclude designated groups.  This is a signpost to investigate possible discrimination.  It is not a measure of discrimination.

A set of explicit actions or programs designed to increase participation at all levels of education and employment for and by individuals or groupes preciously excluded from full participation.

The cultural, institutional and individual set of practices and beliefs that assign different values to people according to their age, thereby resulting in differential treatment.

A member of an oppressor group who works to end a form of oppression that gives her or him privileges. For example, a white person who works to end racism, or a man who works to end sexism.

A line of people from whom one is descended; family descent.

Anti-Black racism is the racial prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination that is directed at people of African descent, rooted in their unique history and experience of enslavement. It is manifested in the legacy and racist ideologies that continue to define African descendants' identities, their lives and places them at the bottom of society and as primary targets of racism. It is manifested in the legacy of the current social, economic, and political marginalization of African Canadians in society such as the lack of opportunities, lower socio-economic status, higher unemployment, significant poverty rates and overrepresentation in the criminal justice system. Anti-Black racism is characterized by particularly virulent and pervasive racial stereotypes. Canadian courts and various Commissions have repeatedly recognized the pervasiveness of anti-Black stereotyping and the fact that African Canadians are the primary targets of racism in Canadian society. As described by Stephen Lewis (1992): "First, what we are dealing with, at root, and fundamentally, is anti-Black racism. While it is obviously true that every visible minority community experiences the indignities and the wounds of systemic discrimination throughout Southern Ontario, it is the Black community which is the focus. It is Blacks who are being shot, it is Black youth that is unemployed in excessive numbers, it is Black students who are being inappropriately streamed in schools, it is Black kids who are disproportionately dropping out, it is housing communities with large concentrations of Black residents where the sense of vulnerability and disadvantage is most acute, it is Black employees, professional and non-professional, on whom the doors of upward equity slam shut. Just as the soothing balm of "multiculturalism" cannot mask racism, so racism cannot mask its primary target."

Strategies, theories and actions that challenge socially and historically built inequalities and injustices that are ingrained in our systems and institutions by policies and practices that allow certain groups to dominate over other groups.

An active and consistent process of change to eliminate individual, institutional and systemic racism as well as the oppression and injustice racism causes.

A perspective that permeates all subject areas and school practices, aimed at the eradication of racism in all its various forms. Anti-racist education can also be taught/learned in informal and non-formal educational settings.

Latent or overt hostility or hatred directed towards individual Jews or the Jewish people (not to all Semitic peoples), leading to social, economic, institutional, religious, cultural or political discrimination.  Antisemitism has also been expressed through individual acts of physical violence, vandalism, the organized destruction of entire communities and genocide.

An Afrikaans word created to describe the South African system of institutionalized segregation to maintain white domination. From the 1960's to 1991, a plan of "Grand Apartheid" was implemented, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression. The official state policy separated black and white South Africans to oppress, dominate and control blacks, while enriching whites at the expense of the oppressed peoples. Only the so-called "white" citizens of South Africa were allowed to vote and participate in government, and to enjoy many other privileges.